Analysis of the Bill No. AB 29 Essay Example for Free

Analysis of the Bill No. AB 29 Essay The bill considered for this paper is Bill No. AB 29, authored by Price and Swanson, with subject â€Å"Healthcare Coverage†. The bill was introduced in 1st December 2008 and amended on the 24th of March 2010. 1. Overview of the health problem Based from the analyses provided for the bill, this bill has been proposed and argued for on the grounds that it has the ability to curve statistics for the largest uninsured segment of the population in California which is comprised of teenagers aged 19-23 (Bill Analysis, 2009, p. 3). This age range, consisting the 27. 3% of the uninsured individuals in California, has been excluded from eligibility to received healthcare benefits under their parent’s insurance coverage, on the basis of age (Bill Analysis, 2009, p. 3). This then, according to the research presented by the proponents of the bill, disposes these individuals of this age to seek their insurance coverage somewhere and shoulder the costs themselves (Bill Analysis, 2009, p. 3). The costs of which may be considered expensive for these people to handle and thus, they prefer to skip making applications (Bill Analysis, 2009, p. 3). This is the current situation in California, and one which the bill specifically targets to address. The bill seeks to extend the dependent coverage for medical insurance of children up to 27 years of age. While the existing legal provisions- also those apparent in Knox and Keene Health Service Care Plan of 1975- do not impose any restrictions to the current conditions imposed by employers on matters concerning the medical insurance coverage for dependent children, the statistics for insured population belonging to the young adult group remains to be high and these statistics cause an alarming reality of the current status of accessibility to quality health care by the young adult population. The bill seeks to extend the medical insurance coverage of children who have been considered as dependents of their parents. For parents whose insurance coverage is paid for by the employer, the bill provides them the opportunity to maintain the dependent coverage for their children by making payments of the additional premiums (Bill Analysis, 2009, p. 4) Presently, children who reach the age of 21 or after they graduate high school or college are disabled from further being enrolled as dependents of their parents for premium coverage or health care insurance. This scenario reveals that this particular group of individuals will remain to get neglected, as far as matters about fair and equal accessibility to heath care insurance policies are concerned if no actions are done now to at lest protect them from being excluded from necessary accesses. This bill will affect the almost 30% uninsured population of California, as well as the number of insurance companies and employers whoa re currently providing health care insurance overage for parents whose children or who have any children that belong to this particular age-group. 2. Severity of the health problem As there are no existing legal provisions that would discourage the current situation, this business culture presents a serious problem for any society who puts high importance to the accessibility of quality healthcare to its citizens, regardless of age. The current practices regarding the admission of young adults for medical coverage under their parents’ insurance accounts have very stringent rules. The background research provided in the Bill Analysis identify that most parents who cover their children as listed beneficiaries of medical coverage that is under their insurance account are working parents whom medical coverage was obtained though the employers’ provisions. However, the existing agreement between the employer and most insurance providers revoke young adults’ eligibility to remain beneficiaries under their parents’ insurance account on two grounds: (1) if they are not enrolled in college for full-time; or (2) after the children turn 19, graduate from high school, or graduate from college (Bill Analysis, 2009, p. 3). The gravity of the reality of the situation is compounded by the fact that, according to the research background provided in the Bill Analysis, young adults encounter difficulty applying for medical insurance coverage and getting accepted with their applications (Bill Analysis, 2009, p. 3). This reality is based on several reasons. According to the research background provided in the bill analysis, statistics show that these particular age range, the young adult population, often end up with low paying jobs and hold temporary positions (Bill Analysis, 2009, p. 3). Thus, they receive meager salaries and are excluded from receiving health insurance benefits provided for by the company as one of the incentives employees get (Bill Analysis, 2009, pp. 3-4). Existing legal provisions also support exclusion of this particular age range from being eligible to receive benefits from public programs if they are considered healthy and childless (Bill Analysis, 2009, p. 4). According to the presented report on public programs in the Bill Analysis, children are only included in the Medi-Cal program before they reach the age of 21, after which, they are pretty much on their own. Only young adults with children, pregnant, or with disability are qualified to receive the benefits of the program of the Medi-Cal (Bill Analysis, 2009, p. 4). The risks associated with the present circumstances are high. Generally, it curves down the access of this particular population to quality health care (Bill Analysis, 2009, p. 4). This leaves serious implications to the young adult and his or her family. The most obvious is that, in case of medical emergencies, a large-out of the pocket expenses would be required from the family if the young adult patient happens to be not covered by any health care insurance policy (Bill Analysis, 2009, p. 4). 3. Overview of the bill The bill has undergone two Assembly Committee Analyses and one Senate Committee Analysis on the 28th and 14th of April 2008 and on the 26th of March 2009, respectively. This bill inserts some additional conditions and requirements to the existing Knox-Keene Health Care Service Plan Act of 1975 (Knox-Keene Act). Essentially, the bill requires the lifting of the existing age limit implemented by employers and health care insurance providers upon dependent coverage; and provide the conditions under which these additional requirements can be fulfilled without necessarily passing the costs of which to employers health care insurance firms. Specifically, it targets to impose these four conditions: First, the bill â€Å"would prohibit, with a specified exception, the limiting age for dependent children covered by these health care service plan contracts and group health insurance policies from being less than 27 years of age† (Legislative Counsel’s Digest, 2009, par. 2). Secondly, the â€Å"bill would also provide that no employer is required to pay the cost of coverage for dependents who are at least 23 years of age, but less than 27 years of age. The bill instead would authorize subscribers and insureds to elect to provide coverage tot hose dependents by contributing the premium for that coverage† (Legislative Counsel’s Digest, 2009, par. 2). Thirdly, while the constitution of California requires the reimbursements of costs to local agencies and school districts based in the mandate of the state, the bill â€Å"would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason† (Legislative Counsel’s Digest, 2009, pars. 4-5). Lastly, the bill imposes that any violations of the additional requirements it has on the Know-Keene Act is to be considered a crime (Legislative Counsel’s Digest, 2009, par. 3). Section 1 of the bill stipulates conditions requiring the deletion of age limit to criteria eligibility and changing the age limit of the child into twenty-seven. This section also provides that the plan contract should not specify any conditions leading to the individual’s exemption from Medi-Cal’s benefits; automatic inclusion to benefits entitlement of children and spouses to medical coverage upon moment of birth, or in case of adopted child, from the moment that the legal documents for adoption have been signed or any document stating that the responsibility for health care for the adopted is admitted by the individual adopting; and no plan contract shall be entered upon if there exist conditions in the plan that waive or disclaim or state any other terms of limitation that apply to newborn infants or to adopted children, and allowing the firms to either offer or not mental health and eye health services (Legislative Counsel’s Digest, 2009, Sec. 1, A-G). The section 2 of the bill stipulates the conditions that plan holders have the freedom to choose the medical professional they prefer and that this selection would not be under the discretion of the health insurance firm provider, except for mental and vision health care professionals (Legislative Counsel’s Digest, 2009, Sec. 2, A-D). The Section 3 of the bill reinforces that none of the provisions included in the bill supports or tolerates the performance of any medical activity by any licensed someone who does not have the capacity to do so,; the chosen medical or licensed professional should perform on that which is within the field of his or her specialization. The Section 4 of the Bill stipulates the definition of ‘marriage and family therapist’. The section states that the person should be a licensed professional who has received specific instructions that are equivalent with the instructions or learning required for the January 1, 1981 licensure test (Legislative Counsel’s Digest, 2009, Sec. 4). This section 5 of the Bill requires that the vision and/ or mental health care professional to be chosen by the plan holder should be one that is affiliated with the health insurance provider (Legislative Counsel’s Digest, 2009, Sec. 5). This section also suggests ready availability of psychologists provided by health insurance firms that offer mental services; however, the failure to comply does not constitute a crime (Legislative Counsel’s Digest, 2009, Sec. 5). The Section 6 of the Bill states that the definition for ‘individual practice association’ adopted in the Bill is consistent with the definition used in the Sec. 1307 of the Federal Public health service Act (Legislative Counsel’s Digest, 2009, Sec. 6). The rest of the bill also talks about that a child, 18 years of age and enrolled fulltime in secondary or post secondary school, and enrolled in a medical coverage remains to be eligible during break from schools (Legislative Counsel’s Digest, 2009, Sec. 7); any child who takes medical leave from school and whose conditions render him physically incapable of maintaining self-employment, the provisions stipulated in (D) applies if the child is primarily dependent on the policy holder (Legislative Counsel’s Digest, 2009, Sec. 6); requires that the health insurance firm informs about the termination of coverage if the child reaches appropriate age (Legislative Counsel’s Digest, 2009, Sec. 7); submission of certification of the medical necessity for leave of absence is necessary to be made to the health care insurance firm within thirty days after the first day of the leave of absence (Legislative Counsel’s Digest, 2009, Sec. 7). 4. Promises/ Expected Outcome The promises and expected outcome of the bill would definitely be evident in the statistics concerning the number of young adults without insurance coverage. With the outright provision that lifts the age-limit and substitute it with longer age, the population of young adults without any insurance coverage will be decreased. The Bill also allows better access to health care options for this particular segment of people (young adults). It also relieves the parents the worries that in case of serious medical emergencies involving a young adult of their family, very high of the pocket costs would be required for medication. 5. Supporters of the bill This bill, with its current status of being ‘proposed’, receives a great deal of support from concerned individuals and different organizations. According to the Bill Analysis report, supporters of the proposal include â€Å"the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the California Commission on the Status of Women, the California Medical Association, and Health Access California †¦ American Federation of State, and County ad Municipal Employees† (Bill Analysis, 2009, p. 4). These groups supporting the bill agree in two major points. Firstly, it is pointed out that the bill provides a very good channel for young adults who still rely upon their parents for financial assistance to remain covered by adequate health insurance coverage, especially at the current time when there is difficulty securing and maintaining health care coverage for this particular age group (Bill Analysis, 2009, p. 4). Secondly, it is argued that the proposed provision that allows employees to shoulder premiums for the health care insurance coverage of their children who belong in this particular age range can be translated into additional revenues for the state, aside from the fact that there will be a peace of mind for parents that comes with the awareness that every member of their family is being adequately covered (Bill Analysis, 2009, pp. 4-5). 6. Opponents of the bill Not everyone welcomes the proposal of the bill though. According to the Bill Analysis Report, the opponents of the proposed bill include the representatives of health plans, health insurance firms, as well as employers. The arguments are always associated with financial risks and additional costs that the firms may incur once the bill is passed and implemented. These groups argue that the inclusions of this particular age group for eligibility to receive coverage under premiums paid for by their parents, until the age of 27, would only result to the conflict between the premiums and the existing federal tax rules referring to deductibility of taxes imposed on health insurance premiums (Bill Analysis, 2009, p. 5). More than that, however, the proposed bill does not give enough allowance of time and opportunity for the concerned parties (insurance provider firms and employers) to calculate and predict the risk and costs that they might incur when the extension for the eligibility for insurance coverage, under premiums paid for by the parents, for this particular age group is finally implemented (Bill Analysis, 2009, p. 5). These opponents that such drastic a change might result to employers totally waiving off the coverage for dependents completely due to increased costs and risks the bill can cause them to incur (Bill Analysis, 2009, p. 5). 7. Recommendation This bill contains provisions that, in my view, bring only positive contributions in improving the health care access to young adults. However, I need to agree with the insurance firms and employers that it does not seem to tackle the other side of the coin to make the arguments well-balanced. In other words, no attention has been given yet, neither is there any detail in the bill that indicates research has been done to ensure that risks and costs would not cause serious problems with insurance firms and companies in the future. References http://www. leginfo. ca. gov/pub/09-10/bill/asm/ab_0001-0050/ab_29_bill_20090324_amended_asm_v98. html http://www. leginfo. ca. gov/pub/09-10/bill/asm/ab_0001-0050/ab_29_cfa_20090326_100055_sen_comm. html http://www. leginfo. ca. gov/pub/09-10/bill/asm/ab_0001-0050/ab_29_cfa_20090413_093510_asm_comm. html http://www. leginfo. ca. gov/cgi-bin/postquery? bill_number=ab_29sess=CURhouse=Bauthor=price

Physiological Changes and Effects Reported by Users and/or Survivors of LSD :: Chemistry Chemical Essays Science

Physiological Changes and Effects Reported by Users and/or Survivors of LSD Lysergic acid diethylamide is one of the most potent hallucinogens on the drug circuit and had been in this top position for many years. First discovered by Albert Hoffman when it was absorbed through his fingers while he was conducting a routine synthesis. Today LSD is a widely popular recreational drug in which its users are looking for the non addictive euphoria that comes with ingesting this substance. LSD is derived from the fungus found on rye and is presented to users in a variety of methods. Some of the most common ways LSD is taken is by tablet, or in its liquid form laced into products such as blotter paper, postage stamps and chewing gum. LSD is commonly called "acid" by users and is an odorless, colorless substance. LSD has been in prevalent in society for decades and was extremely popular in the 60's and 70's. Its popularity weekend in the late 70's and throughout the 80's, but again is making a comeback as one of the most abused drugs on the market today. Users take LSD in varying doses the most common ranging from 20- 80 micrograms. According to the Drug Enforcement Administration these levels are drastically reduced from the common doses of the 60's and 70's. Common doses taken in that time were between 100 and 200 micrograms (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2005). Different doses account for the intensity of the experience was has when taking LSD. All of the effects of LSD can be perceived on a spectrum of intensity and prevalence. The contradiction to this is if a user frequently uses this drug, they build up a tolerance that can not be overturned just by taking LSD in higher doses. Some minor effects may still occur but it will be of little intensity and possibly of a shorter duration. After one ingests LSD it is absorbed by their gastrointestinal tract and is soon flowing in their blood stream and in turn to the users brain. Onsets of the drug, when the user will begin to notice effects, can ranger from thirty to approximately ninety minutes. After the initial onset of the drug, one may feel effects from it for twelve or more hours. Unlike amphetamines which when using a urine test can be detected for seventy two hours after use, LSD is usually

Persecution of the Early Church, Pax Romana, and Heresies in Monophysitism Summaries of Three Scholarly Journal’s

Persecution of the Early Church explain some of the how, when and why’s of the early church prosecutions. â€Å"Reasons of the persecution†, â€Å"History of the persecutions† and â€Å"Two Christian Responses: The Glory of Martyrdom and Apologetics† are segments within this scholarly journal. Therefore, each segment relates to persecution with in the early church, gives a list on the persecutions and touches on ten of Christianity persecutors. This article also gives an account on martyrs who died for the sake of the faith and the birthing of apologetics primary goal, defending the faith of Christianity. Pax Romana and the Rise of the Christian church,† reflects on the Gospel being spread at a time of â€Å"Roman Peace† with Christianity. This article depicts what are Pax Romana or Roman Peace and apologetics at a time when Rome allows Christians to spread the â€Å"Good News†. However, it clearly talks about Christian stay with their boundaries when spreading the gospel, there was evidence of Christian being persecuted. â€Å"The culture and Climate in Which the Gospel spread,† helps one to understand how the gospel starts to spread through evangelism starting with the Apostles and Jews being exiled out of Rome. â€Å"Catholic Answers† breakdowns the definition of Heresies in Monophysitism . Therefore, it supplies its reader with a clear understand of the topic at hand. Monophysitism originated as a reaction to Nestorianism. The Monophysites (led by a man named Eutyches) were horrified by Nestorius’s implication that Christ was two people with two different natures (human and divine). They went to the other extreme, claiming that Christ was one person with only one nature (a fusion of human and divine elements). They are thus known as Monophysites because of their claim that Christ had only one nature (Greek: mono = one; physis = nature) Catholic Answers Brom (2004). Bibliography Anonymous, â€Å"Persecution in the Early Church† Religion Facts (May 2013). http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/history/persecution.htm Bruce, Frederick F. â€Å"The Early Church in the Roman Empire.† The Bible Student 56 (March-April 1933): 30-32. â€Å"Pax Romana† Applied Apologetics http://reformed-apologetics.webs.com/ Brom Robert H., Bishop of San Diego, â€Å"The Great Heresies† Catholic Answers to Explain and Defend the Faith (August 2004) http://www.catholic.com/tracts/the-great-heresies

The new discipline of International Companies - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1757 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? International business is a relatively new discipline, it is very dynamic.ÂÂ   Customization and price from the low-cost production base from the competition in international competitors, the competitive pressure on the local challenges of international companies. These companies make a choice between a standardized product to the location of the lower manufacturing costs and the cost advantage through customer and the establishment if customized products plants in different countries, no matter which may involve high cost. (International Business, 2010) International marketing is usually not as simple as marketing. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The new discipline of International Companies" essay for you Create order The product is more than one country.ÂÂ  This is the performance of commercial activities, direct the flow of goods and services companies in several countries, the consumers or users profitnternational marketing. In this case, this is the concept of planning and execution, pricing, promotion, and of ideas, goods and services, distribution, create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals in the process include multinational companies. Furthermore, companies must consider their position in the market is close to the language barrier, ideals, and customs.ÂÂ  This strategy uses a state in a strong domestic technology used in the promotion. (International Marketing, 2010) International business is a relatively new discipline, it is very dynamic. International business is different, because of domestic enterprises from the political system, economic system, legal system and cultural differences any be in any country. Political system is the system of gove rnment in a nation. Political system can be assessed according to two related dimension which are collectivism opposed individualism moreover democracy and totalitarianism. These dimensions are interrelated because the systems that emphasize collectivism tend to be totalitarian while systems that place a high value on individualism tend to be democratic. The term collectivism refers to a system that stresses the primacy of collective goals over individual goals. Individualism is the opposite of collectivism. In political sense, individualism refers to a philosophy that an individual should have freedom in his or her economic and political pursuits. Democracy and totalitarianism in the political level, for different purposes. Democracy is a political system is the peoples government, to exercise directly or through elected representatives. Its a totalitarian form of government in which political parties exercise one or all areas of human life, absolute control, opposition parti es were banned. Political system may be affect International business because of different function play role in political system performance, democratic and totalitarian political regimes was compared and how its can influence the managerial functions. (The Political and Legal Environment Facing Business, 2010) Economic Economic system can be identified into three broad of types which are market economy, a command economy and a mixed economy. In a pure market economy, the goods and services a country produces, and the quantity in which they are produced, is not planned by anyone. It is determined by the interaction of supply and demand and signaled to producers through the price system. If demand for a product exceeds supply, prices will rise, signaling producers to produce more. If supply exceeds demand, prices will fall, signaling producers to produce less. In this system consumers are sovereign. It is the purchasing patterns of consumers, as signaled to producers thr ough the mechanism of the price system, that determines what is produced and in what quantity. In a pure command economy, the goods and services that a country produces, the quantity in which they are produced, and the prices at which they are sold, are all planned by the government. Consistent with the collectivist ideology, the objective of a command economy is for government to allocate resources for the good of society. In between market economies and command economies can be found mixed economies. In a mixed economy, certain sectors of the economy are left to private ownership and free market mechanisms, while in other sectors there is significant state ownership and government planning. In general, the more developed countries are rich countries, poor countries with less developed and newly industrialized those who move from poverty to prosperity. ÂÂ  These differences are usually in the per capita gross domestic product (GDP / per capita) basis. With better educ ation, infrastructure, technology, health care, etc., are often related to their higher level of economic development may be affected international business. (IHYPERLINK https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Gr-Int/International-Business.htmlnternationalHYPERLINK https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Gr-Int/International-Business.html HYPERLINK https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Gr-Int/International-Business.htmlBusinessHYPERLINK https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Gr-Int/International-Business.html, 2010) Legal system A countrys legal system or legal system of rules is accompanied by a specification which countrys laws are enforced through the complaint process and the behavior of a remedy. Property refers to the use of resources is a bundle of legal rights and more than any possible gains achieved by the use of resources. In International business, the countries differ in terms of how their legal system define and protect prope rty rights. Property rights can be violated through private actions and public actions. Contract is a document that took place under the conditions and details of the exchange of rights and responsibilities of the parties.ÂÂ   Contract law is the law of the institution, governing the contract execution. The different types of legal systems and the legal relationships that exist between countries may be affected International business. If a behavior is not good, it may direct affect the relationship between each other, so in International business also same. The major legal issue is also very important for International business. While the legal issue is occurs, the problem need to be solved. (The Political and Legal Environment Facing Business, 2010ÂÂ  ) Culture Culture is a values and norms. Values can be refers to an abstract ideas about what a group believes to be good, right, and desirable. Norms can be defined as the social rules and guidelines that prescribe appropriate behavior in particular situations. Values and norms are shared by the society. Society refers to a group of people who share a common set of values and norms. Language is the source of culture may be affect International business. Language is one of the way how the people communicate with each other. Different countries speak in the different languages. For example, Mexicos people speak Spanish, if Malaysia and Mexico do International business, Malaysian need to know how to speak Spanish, so that they can communicate with each other. International Marketing The marketing mix will affect in the international marketing. The marketing mix consists of 4Ps which is product, price, place and promotion. The 4Ps are the parameter; the marketing manager can control, subject to market conditions, internal and external constraints. The goal is to make the decision in the center of the 4Ps target markets cognitive customers to create assessment and produce an optimistic reaction. If the input costs, pricing, advertising and distribution may be in different countries, selection of a company to sell their goods or services significantly common marketing problems. Therefore argued that the key to a successful business consultant international marketing of any business. Whether it is a multinational company or small start-up companies, it is the ability to adapt, manage and coordinate in a strange foreign environment, well-designed plan. Product Product is the physical product or service offered to the consumer. Product is a material product or service to the consumer. In the case of physical products, it is also means that any services or facilities, is part of this release. These examples are the brand name, function, shape, quantity, safety, packaging, maintenance and support, warranty, accessories and services. Language should be consider whether the national culture is not primarily a high-context cultures and low context culture between the concepts involved in verbal and nonverbal communication balance. It carries the low-context culture and language of communication focus. However, the high-context culture and language is often not the direct exchange of information. Religion in the international marketing is different from religions which may be encountered. Companies need to ensure that their products and services are not offensive, illegal or offensive to the local country. This includes marketing and branding. Values and attitudes between countries and even within countries are different.ÂÂ  I n addition, the adoption of a product or service overseas, to ensure a good grasp of the locality before entering the market.ÂÂ  This means that subtle changes in materials or branding message.ÂÂ  There may also have a problem, when the management of local staff. For example, workers in France tend to have vacation for the whole month of August, but for the United States, they prefer to take a couple of weeks for vacation throughout the whole year. Price Pricing decisions should take into account the profits and the possible reaction of competitors pricing. Pricing includes not only pricing, but also discounts, financing, leasing and other options. For example for price, pricing strategies, the suggested retail price, quantity discounts and wholesale prices, cash and early payment discounts, seasonal pricing, bundling, price elasticity and price discrimination. Place The decision is to place those with the distribution channels for products as a means to target the customers. For example placing decision-making is sales channels, market coverage, the specific channel members, inventory management, warehousing, distribution center, order processing, transport and reverse logistics. Promotion Promotion decisions are the relationship between sales and communications to potential consumers. As the cost price in a large fraction of products, break-even analysis, decision-making should be promoted. This is very useful to know the assessment of customers to establish whether they should be more customer acquisition costs. For example of promotion is a promotional strategy for promotion decisions, advertising, personal selling and sales promoters, public relations and publicity and marketing communications budget. In the year of 2007, the pig year, all advertising, including the pig image is prohibited for one year. This is to maintain the countrys Muslim population of about 2% of the harmony. The ban included with pork sausage, or even advertisement, including animated images of pigs. Each level of education and international markets will naturally be different.ÂÂ  This may affect the type of message, and even the media you employ. For example, in countries with low literacy levels, advertisers will avoid a written copy of the communication depends upon, and in favor of the billboard with the audio information or visual media such as radio advertising. The labeling of products may also be a problem. Conclusion To made the International business to be successful, we need to know how political system, economic system, legal system and cultural affect the International business. Moreover, we also need to know how political system, economic system, legal system and cultural affect the product, price, promotion and place.